Quality of service optimizer for mobile device

ABSTRACT

A method, system, and medium are provided for improving communication between a mobile device and a wireless network in embodiment of the invention. Based in part on expected locations for a mobile device and network availability, predictions can be made regarding the future quality of service available for the mobile device. This prediction can allow actions to be taken to mitigate any change in the quality of service.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority from, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/788,043, filed May 26, 2010, entitled“QUALITY OF SERVICE OPTIMIZER FOR MOBILE DEVICE,” which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

One of the ongoing challenges for a wireless service provider is tomaintain a high quality of service for customers of a wireless network.Due in part to increasing computer power, even delays on the order ofseconds may be perceived by customers as a sign of “slow” operation.Such customer perceptions can influence the ability of a serviceprovider to retain customers.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention are defined by the claims below, not thissummary. A high-level overview of various aspects of the invention areprovided here for that reason, to provide an overview of the disclosure,and to introduce a selection of concepts that are further describedbelow in the detailed-description section below. This summary is notintended to identify key features or essential features of the claimedsubject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in isolation todetermine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

In brief, and at a high level, systems, methods, and computer-readablemedia with executable instructions are provided for improvingcommunication between a mobile device and a wireless network inembodiment of the invention. Based in part on expected locations for amobile device and network availability, predictions can be maderegarding the future quality of service available for the mobile device.This prediction can allow actions to be taken to mitigate any change inthe quality of service.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described indetail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, andwherein:

FIG. 1 schematically depicts a general mobile device or other computingdevice in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a system suitable for performing anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 schematically shows components for a system suitable forperforming an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 schematically shows components for a system suitable forperforming an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a sample method for improving communication between amobile device and a network according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 shows a sample method for improving communication between amobile device and a network according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is describedwith specificity herein to meet statutory requirements. But thedescription itself is not intended to necessarily limit the scope ofclaims. Rather, the claimed subject matter might be embodied in otherways to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to theones described in this document, in conjunction with other present orfuture technologies. Terms should not be interpreted as implying anyparticular order among or between various steps herein disclosed unlessand except when the order of individual steps is explicitly described.

Various technical terms are used throughout this description. Anillustrative resource that fleshes out various aspects of these termscan be found in Newton's Telecom Dictionary by H. Newton, 24th Edition(2008).

OVERVIEW

In various embodiments, systems, methods, and/or computer readable mediaare provided that can allow for improved quality of service for mobiledevices. The improved quality of service can be provided based onanalysis of both individual wireless use and aggregate wireless use.This analysis allows provision of wireless services to be adapted basedon not only the current network availability for a device, but alsobased on a predicted network capability.

In an embodiment, one type of information that can be analyzed isinformation regarding an individual mobile device or user. Theinformation analyzed for an individual device or user can include theservices being accessed by a device. Based on the current services beingused, and optionally the recent or longer term usage history,predictions can be made about the next content items or services that auser is likely to access. Another type of information that can beanalyzed is information related to movement of a mobile user or device.The recent locations of a device can be used to develop a trajectory forthe device. This can allow for prediction of where the device will be inthe near future.

Analysis can also be performed on data aggregated from multiple users,such as all users of a network. The aggregate information that isanalyzed can include usage histories over a group of users. This type ofanalysis can be used to improve the prediction of what a typical user islikely to access in the future based on current usage. Aggregatedinformation can also be gathered regarding the wireless availabilityand/or data access speeds at various locations in a network. Forexample, a typical network may have a listed capacity and/or speed atvarious locations in a network based on the available infrastructure.However, local variations in a network, such as variations in datadownload speed due to high usage, may not be known ahead of time. Datacan be aggregated from a plurality of mobile devices within a networkregarding the actual data speeds at various locations. This informationcan be aggregated to provide a dynamically updated coverage map ofwireless availability.

Based on the individual and/or aggregate data, decisions can then bemade regarding ways to improve quality of service for a user. Forexample, if a user is currently in an area with a high quality ofwireless service, but is moving toward an area with no service or a lowrate of data transfer, content items that are likely to be requested bya user can be transferred ahead of time and stored in a data cache.Alternatively, if a user is in an area with a lower data transfer rate,actions can be taken to reduce the amount of requested data, such asdegradation of the data or waiting until data expiration beforerequesting refreshes. Still another option can be to warn a user that isabout to enter a low transfer rate area that service may be temporarilyunavailable.

Semi-Static Application Specific Data

One type of data that can be transferred to and from a mobile device issemi-static application specific data. In some embodiments, controllingrequests for this type of data can lead to improved quality of service.

A mobile device can access a wireless network to download a variety oftypes of information. Some types of information must, by definition, bedownloaded as they are requested. For example, a ticker of streamingreal-time stock information corresponds to a continuous stream ofinformation that cannot be accessed ahead of time. Instead, theinformation must be accessed as it becomes available. Similarly, for aconference or other live presentation that is being viewed as it occurs,such as a webcam of an event, the video feed can only be accessed as itbecomes available. Such a live feed cannot be considered semi-static, asthe content of the feed cannot be determined ahead of time. Thissituation can be contrasted with playback of a music album or videorecording, or a broadcast of an event that is being shown on a delayedbasis.

Another type of data that can be accessed by a mobile device is datainvolving specialized calculations. For example, a user may access awebsite of a financial company that includes a retirement savingscalculator. A user can enter financial and retirement age informationinto the calculator, and the calculator will then return valuesregarding the amount of savings the user can or should accumulate. Theretirement calculator features cannot be accessed until a user submitsthe appropriate information. As a result, the retirement calculatorfeature does not correspond to semi-static data.

A mobile device including a Global Positioning System can potentiallyprovide an example of both semi-static application specific data anddata that is not semi-static. It cannot be predicted ahead of time whena user will request a new route, or what the new destination will be.Thus, the calculation of a new route is not semi-static data. However,once a route has been calculated, tracking of a user's progress along aroute can be a semi-static process. The external input for tracking auser's progress is dependent on GPS data, not data accessed via a mobilenetwork. Additionally, the map portions a user is going to approach inthe near future, such as the next 10 minutes or next 10 miles, can bedetermined from the already calculated route. Thus, all of theinformation needed from a wireless network (the map segments) tocontinue tracking a user's progress along the route can be downloadedahead of time. The map segments correspond to semi-static applicationspecific data.

Other examples of semi-static application specific data can correspondto streams of data that are known ahead of time. For example, a mobiledevice user can decide to view a movie. Although the entire content ofthe movie is known ahead of time, the mobile device may only requestportions of the movie at one time. An internet radio station with apredetermined play list could be another example.

Typical web page content can also correspond to semi-static data. Forexample, a text article or video clip located on a web page may changerarely over time. Even at a news website, many of the content items canhave an expiration time of at least about 10 minutes, or at least about15 minutes, or at least about 1 hour. A user who has previously accessedan item from a webpage that is still in the cache for the mobile devicemay not need to refresh the item in order to view the most currentversion.

Predicting Changes in Quality of Service

In an embodiment, a change in quality of service can occur for a varietyof reasons. One reason can be that a mobile device is about to move froman area of coverage within a wireless network to an area withoutcoverage. In this situation, the potential loss of service can becomplete. Alternatively, the mobile device can be about to move out ofthe coverage area of a primary provider, but still be within thecoverage area of one or more other providers. In this situation, thechange in quality of service can vary. Some features that a primaryprovider offers may be unavailable in the networks provided by the otherproviders. The other networks may have lower data speeds and/or mayprovide limited bandwidth to mobile devices that do not normally use agiven network. Use of a network other than the network of a primaryprovider can also lead to increased costs for the user and/or theprimary provider. Thus, it can be beneficial to anticipate situationswhere a mobile device will attempt to access data from outside thenetwork of the primary provider.

Another situation that can lead to a change in quality of service iswhen the network of the primary provider is performing at less thanexpected efficiency. This can occur for a variety of reasons. Externalconditions or an equipment malfunction may reduce the typically expectedbandwidth for data delivery in a given area. Alternatively, high volumesof data requests in a localized area may exceed network capacity,resulting in a reduction in speed for some or all mobile devices withinthe localized area. Still another possibility is that a portion of anetwork may be undergoing repair. Yet another option is that arelatively new portion of a network may have lower capability than otherportions of the network. Thus, it can be beneficial to anticipatesituations where a mobile device will attempt to access data from insidethe network, but in an area where network capabilities are lower thantypical.

Occasionally, identifying a potential change in quality of service issuewill involve identifying a change for a mobile device that is in a fixedlocation. For example, a network upgrade could require a reboot ofservers that form part of the network, resulting in a reduction inservice for a brief time. Alternatively, network traffic within alocality can increase over time, causing a high quality of service areato transition to an area with a reduced quality of service.

More typically, a change in quality of service for a mobile device willoccur because the device is in motion. In this situation, determiningthat a change in quality of service may occur can involve determiningthe expected path of the device. This expected path can then be comparedwith the network characteristics the device would encounter on theexpected path.

As an initial condition for calculating an expected path, a method canbe available for determining the current location of a device. This canbe determined by any convenient method. If the device includes GPSfunctionality or another position sensing function, this information canbe used. Another option can be to determine a position by triangulationbased on multiple transmitting stations in a wireless network. Stillanother option can be to only track location in an approximate manner.For example, the movement of a device from one wireless transmittingstation to another can be recorded. Rather than tracking an individuallocation, this method only tracks changes in the local wirelessstations. This type of tracking can be useful for predicting themovement of mobile devices that are traveling longer distances.

An expected path can be calculated in any convenient manner. A simpleway for calculating an expected path can simply involve extrapolating acurrent direction of travel for a mobile device at a current speed. Thisextrapolation can be used to identify an expected path for a device fora period of time, such as about 1 minute, or about 5 minutes, or about10 minutes. Alternatively, an average direction and speed of travel fora device over a period of time can be determined, such as an averagedirection and speed of travel over the previous about 1 minute, or about5 minutes, or about 10 minutes. This average direction of travel canthen be used to identify an expected path for a period of time asdescribed above. If more detailed location information is available,such as GPS information, another option for determining an expected pathcan involve comparing recent location data with a map. For example,recent location data may indicate that a mobile device is following theroute of an interstate freeway or a railroad line. In this situation,the expected path could correspond to the path of the freeway orrailway. For a GPS enabled device, still another option could be to usethe planned GPS route that is being tracked by the device as theexpected path. In such an embodiment, an average speed could be used, orthe speed limits for the roads on the expected path could be used todetermine an expected speed.

The expected path for a device can then be compared to a networkavailability map. The network availability map can potentially include anumber of types of information. One type of information can beinformation about areas of coverage for a network, or the externalboundaries of a network. Another type of information can be informationabout differences in the capabilities of the network, such asdifferences in the data transfer rate to an individual device. The abovetypes of information will tend to change slowly over time, as theyrepresent structural characteristics of a network. Still another type ofinformation can be information about current network speeds in alocation. This could include identifying portions of a network that areperforming below expectation, due to equipment failures, excessiverequests for network resources, or other reasons. This type ofinformation could include the actual network characteristics (such asdata transfer rates) for various portions of the wireless network. Theexpected path of a mobile device and a network availability map can beused to predict future network availability for the device.

Predicting Activity for a Mobile Device

In addition to determining an expected path for a mobile device, theexpected future activity of a mobile device can also be predicted.Future activity can be predicted using any convenient algorithm ormethod. In an embodiment, the future activity of a mobile device can bepredicted based on current activity. For example, if a mobile device iscurrently downloading a movie, playing an album of songs, displaying adelayed showing of a sporting event, or otherwise accessing a long fileor related series of files, an activity prediction can be that the userof the mobile device will continue to access this material.

In other embodiments, predictions of future activity can be based onsimilarity of a group of content items. For example, a user of a mobiledevice may be currently accessing an editorial or opinion piece at anews website. The editorial or opinion piece can also be tagged at thenews website as relating to international affairs. Based on this, aprediction of future activity can be made that the user will likely wantto view all current editorial or opinion pieces, as well as all currentinternational affairs articles. A “current” piece or article can haveany convenient definition, such as an article posted to the site withinthe last 24 hours. Other future activity predictions based on similardata could include predicting that a user viewing a picture will want toview other pictures from a collection, or that a user viewing a productat a merchandising website will want to view other similar products.

Still another method for predicting future activity can be based ondetecting patterns in the aggregated activity of many users. Activityfor a large number of users can be aggregated to determine patterns orcorrelations in content items that are accessed. These correlations canthen be used to predict future activity for individual users.

Improving Quality of Service Based on Expected Path and PredictedActivity

When a reduction in network availability is predicted based on theexpected path of a mobile device relative to the network availabilitymap, it may be possible to mitigate or eliminate the reduction inquality of service by predicting the activity of the mobile deviceduring the period of reduced network availability.

The actions to mitigate the reduced network availability can varydepending on the predicted activity of a user. For example, one actioncan be to download in advance content items that correspond to thepredicted activity of a user. Content corresponding to predictedactivity can be determined as described above. Thus, downloading contentin advance could correspond to downloading in advance the next few songsfrom the playlist of an Internet radio station or downloading the nextseveral minutes of a video ahead of time. Alternatively, this couldcorrespond to downloading content items that are related to the currentcontent accessed by a user. The content items can be related either bysimilarity of subject matter, or by determining that users who view acertain content item typically view other items. For this option, thecontent items can be downloaded in advance to a cache on the mobiledevice. The content items can then be accessed from the cache during theperiod of reduced network availability.

Another option for mitigating reduced network availability can be toreduce the quality of content being streamed to a device. This mayresult, for example, in video content being displayed with lowerresolution. However, this can be preferable to having an interruption indisplay of content. In this type of embodiment, the degradation of thecontent being streamed to a device can be handled by an instructionserver. The instruction server could request the content provider toswitch to a lower quality feed. Alternatively, the instruction servercan receive the feed from the content provider and perform thedegradation, such as by performing additional compression on thestreaming content.

Still another option for improving quality of service relates to therefresh rate during a period of reduced network availability for contentalready received by a mobile device. Many types of website contentinclude a validity period or expiration timer for content. During thisvalidity period, the content is considered current by the website anddoes not need to be refreshed. Other content may not have a tagproviding a validity period, but may still be considered current by awebsite and/or may in fact not need updating. In this situation, qualityof service can be improved by managing requests for data refresh by themobile device. For example, a mobile device can avoid refreshing datauntil the end of the expiration period for explicitly tagged content.

Alternatively, an instruction server can control the refresh of contentdata on the mobile device. The instruction server, which is notsuffering from the reduced network availability, can instruct the mobiledevice to wait for content refresh for some or all of the contentalready stored on the mobile device. The instruction server can thenmonitor the content provider to determine if the content stored on thedevice is current. The monitoring of the content provider can occurperiodically, or the monitoring can occur in response to a request fromthe mobile device. This avoids having the mobile device show content isunavailable and/or downloading from a content provider due to a refreshwhen the content stored on the device is still current. This type ofcomparison can be made regardless of whether the item has an expirationperiod, or regardless of whether the item is tagged as being expiredbased on an expiration period.

Yet another option can be to warn a user that the mobile device is aboutto enter an area of reduced network availability. For some services, theservice will simply not perform properly unless the mobile device isoperating within the correct wireless provider network. The user of amobile device may also be accessing content that cannot be loaded inadvance, such as viewing or listening to a live event. In thissituation, the mobile device can provide a warning that service is aboutto be impaired. This can be a general warning, such as a caution thatthe device is about to leave the service area and/or that the device isabout to enter an area of reduced network availability. Alternatively,the warning can be more specific, such as a warning based on thepredicted activity of the device. For example, a user that is viewing alive event could be warned that the mobile device is approaching an areawith low network availability, and that playback may be impaired.

Communication Interface Agent for Mobile Device

In an embodiment, an application can be provided for a mobile devicethat serves as an interface between applications that request data fromservice providers and the communications layer of the mobile device.This application can be referred to as a communication interface agent.The communication interface agent can perform a variety of tasks. Onerole for the communication interface agent can be to monitor and/orregulate requests by other applications for access to the communicationslayer. For example, when a web browser on the mobile device makes arequest for content from a content provider, the communication interfaceagent can receive the request. The communication interface agent canthen determine how to handle the request. For example, the communicationinterface agent can determine if the request should be passed to thecontent provider via the home data gateway for the mobile device.Alternatively, if the content already exists on the mobile device, thecommunication interface agent can provide the stored content to theapplication. Still another option is that the communication interfaceagent can query another entity, such as an instruction server. Thecommunication interface agent can then handle the request based on theinstructions from the instruction server. For example, the instructionserver may provide instructions to not perform a requested refresh ofcontent due to the fact that a content item already stored on the mobiledevice is current.

In addition to handling interaction between applications and thecommunication layer, the communication interface agent can also managethe contents of a cache on the mobile device. The cache provides astorage area for content items. Content items requested by anapplication that are already in the cache can optionally be provided tothe application, as opposed to accessing or acquiring the content itemsfrom the content provider. The cache can also hold content that has beenacquired in advance, such as content items acquired based on predictedactivity. Content can be loaded into the cache based on requests tocontent providers from the communication interface agent. Alternatively,the instruction server can request content items and then forward thecontent to the communication interface agent for storage in the cache.

Still another function that can be performed by the communicationinterface agent is related to the network availability in the currentlocation of the network device. Periodically, the communicationinterface agent can determine the data transfer rate for the mobiledevice. This can be done in any convenient manner, and can occur at anyconvenient interval, such as about once every ten seconds, or about oncea minute, or about once every ten minutes. The information regardingnetwork performance can then be forwarded to the instruction server.This can allow the instruction server to construct an availability map.Alternatively, this information could be provided by another componentof the wireless network. Optionally, the communication interface agentcan also provide location updates to the instruction server, so that anexpected path can be determined for a mobile device. Again, thisinformation could be provided by another component of the wirelessnetwork.

Home Data Gateway

In various embodiments, the operation of a home data gateway (HDG) canbe modified to assist in mitigating reductions in quality of service. Inthe discussion below, some embodiments may refer to a single HDG.However, it is understood that a plurality of HDGs can be used todistribute the workload of handling multiple mobile devices.

With regard to the traditional function of providing content fromcontent providers, the HDG can operate in a conventional manner. Arequest can be received from the communication layer of a mobile device.The HDG processes the request and communicates with the correspondingcontent provider to obtain the requested content. The home data gatewaythen provides the content to the mobile device.

One modification to an HDG can be to add a content sorting component. Inan embodiment, the content sorting component does not modify theoperation of the HDG for processing a content request. A content sortingcomponent can sort the content requests received from mobile devicesusing the HDG. Similarly, the content received from a content providercan also be sorted. The goal of the sorting can be to identify requestsand/or content of interest for tracking by an instruction server. Acontent sorting component can evaluate content requests and contentitems based on a set of rules. Items of content that match the criteriain the rules can be identified for forwarding to an activity predictioncomponent.

Any requests and/or content of interest to the instruction server canalso be forwarded to the instruction server by the HDG. For example, auser may desire to access a financial website to use a retirementsavings calculator. This results in a request from the user's mobiledevice to the HDG for a content page corresponding to the retirementcalculator, along with information needed to perform a calculation. Thisrequest can be of interest to the instruction server, as the instructionserver could use this information to as part of a prediction of othercontent a user is likely to access after using the retirementcalculator. If the request is of interest, the content sorting componentof the HDG can forward the request to the instruction server.Optionally, the portion of the request involving the information for thecalculation could be removed prior to sending the request to theinstruction server. The content provider can then provide the requestedcontent to the HDG. Because this is content involving a specializedcalculation, this content may not be of interest to the instructionserver. In this situation, the content sorting component would notforward the content returned by the content provider.

In another example, a mobile device can send a request to the HDG for apage of text from a content provider. The content provider can providethe page of text to the HDG, which forwards the content to the mobiledevice. In this example, the content sorting component can forward boththe request and the page of text to the instruction server, as both canbe valuable. For example, the request can be used as part of the datafor predicting activity. The content itself can be used by theinstruction server in order to monitor when the content should berefreshed. This can involve using an expiration timer included with thecontent, or comparing a posting time for the content with the postingtime listed at the content provider.

In still another example, a user of a mobile device can request contentfrom a radio station content provider. The radio station contentprovider can have a playlist of songs that will be provided to a user.In this situation, the instruction server does not need the individualsongs. However, it can be useful to know the current position in theplaylist for the mobile device. Thus, the content sorting component canalert the instruction server each time another song is downloaded to themobile device from the playlist.

More generally, it is understood that the content sorting componentprovides information to the instruction server. Rather than providingall items that pass through the HDG, the content sorting componentprovides the instruction server with the items that are used in one ormore of the functions performed by the instruction server. This can bedetermined based on one or more rules that are provided to the contentsorting component.

Instruction Server

In various embodiments, one or more instruction servers can be used tomitigate reductions in quality of service. In the discussion below,reference will be made to having an instruction server. However, it isunderstood that a plurality of servers can be used that are incommunication with each other. This is similar to the situation for manytypes of wireless infrastruction, where multiple stations of a similartype are used. The multiple instruction servers can divide effort in anyconvenient manner. For example, the instruction servers can be assignedto geographic regions in order to distribute the workload between theservers. As a mobile device moves between regions, the instructionservers can communicate so that the instruction server for the newregion is aware of the status of the mobile device. This can includebeing aware of the contents of the cache of the mobile device, beingaware of an expected path for the device, or any other informationuseful to the invention described herein.

An instruction server can represent a server performing a variety oftasks, or several processors each performing one or more tasks. It isnoted that some or all of the components in an instruction server couldbe included as part of a home data gateway. One component of aninstruction server can be a device tracking component. The devicetracking component can determine an expected path for a mobile device.Optionally, the device tracking component can also monitor the contentsstored in a cache on the mobile device, or this monitoring can behandled by a separate component.

Another component of an instruction server can be a network availabilitycomponent. This component can construct a map indicating theavailability of the network. This can include both the expectedproperties of the network and the current network capabilities.

Still another component of an instruction server can be an activityprediction component. As described above, future activity by a mobiledevice can be predicted, possibly based on a variety of factors.

Yet another component of an instruction server can be a contentacquisition component. At various time, an instruction server mayacquire content from a content provider. The content can be acquireddirectly from the content provider, or the instruction server couldforward the request through a home data gateway. In some embodiments,the content requested by the instruction server may be content that isfor an authenticated user. In such an embodiment, the instruction servercan “spoof” the identity of the authenticated user in order to gainaccess to the content. The content acquisition component can be used forcontent that is requested in advance from a content provider based on aprediction of future activity. This content can then be passed to themobile device and stored in the cache for the mobile device.

Still another component can be a quality of service mitigationcomponent. The mitigation component provides instructions to a mobiledevice regarding actions to take when it is determined that the devicemay encounter a reduced quality of service. These instructions caninclude obtaining and/or storing content related to predicted futureactivity, controlling the refresh of content already stored on thedevice, warning a user of an upcoming change in quality of service, orother actions.

User Experience Example

One example of a user experience can start with a hypothetical userriding a light rail or subway train. As the user is riding, the user issending and receiving messages via a messaging service that is onlyavailable within the network of the primary service provider. In betweensending messages, the user is accessing various articles from asubscription news service content provider. The articles are related tobusiness news and politics. Based on the rail path and the average speedof the train, the mobile device receives a notification from aninstruction server that the primary service provider network will beunavailable in about 2 minutes. This will be due to the train entering atunnel or underground region where another service provider has the onlyavailable network.

The user is provided with a warning that the device is approaching anarea without coverage for the messaging service. The instruction serveralso provides content items to the mobile device and instructs themobile device to store the content in cache. The content items includeall other current articles from the subscription service related tobusiness and politics that have not been viewed by the user. Afterentering the tunnel, the user continues to read articles from thesubscription content provider. However, one of the articles selected isa travel article that was not identified in the prediction of futureactivity. The device uses the available alternative wireless network toretrieve this article, while serving the remaining articles from thestored cache. While in the tunnel, the user also requests two storedarticles with an expiration timer that has expired. The mobile deviceuses the alternative wireless network to query the instruction server.For the first article, the instruction server compares the version ofthe article stored in the mobile device cache with the current versionat the content provider, such as by comparing the timestamp for postingof the article. Because the first article is still current, theinstruction server instructs the mobile device to use the storedversion. For the second article, the instruction server determines thata new version is available, but that the expected path shows the userwill re-enter the primary provider service area in a few seconds. Theinstruction server instructs the device to wait until the primaryprovider service area is entered to deliver the second article.

After re-entering the primary provider service area, the user exits thetrain and starts walking toward the user's office. At this point, theuser realizes that a web video conference is about to start, and joinsusing the mobile device. As the user moves, the new expected path showsthat the user is going to enter a network area with reduced data flowrates due to large numbers of data requests by other users. Theinstruction server requests the web conference feed from the contentprovider and reduces the feed quality, such as be increasing datacompression. The user is also warned about the change in servicequality. However, this change allows the user to maintain access to theweb conference with little or no interruption.

Additional Embodiments

Embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as, among otherthings: a method, system, or set of instructions embodied on one or morecomputer-readable media. Computer-readable media can include bothvolatile and nonvolatile media, removable and nonremovable media, andcontemplates media readable by a database, a switch, and various othernetwork devices. By way of example, and not limitation,computer-readable media can comprise media implemented in any method ortechnology for storing information. Examples of stored informationinclude computer-useable instructions, data structures, program modules,and other data representations. Media examples include, but are notlimited to information-delivery media, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory orother memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVD),holographic media or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, and other magnetic storagedevices. These technologies can store data momentarily, temporarily, orpermanently. In an embodiment, computer readable media can be tangiblecomputer readable media. In another embodiment, computer readable mediacan be non-transitory computer readable media.

Turning now to FIG. 1, a block diagram of an illustrative mobilecomputing device (“mobile device”) is provided and referenced generallyby the numeral 100. FIG. 1 is an example of a mobile device that couldbe used in accordance with the invention. Although some components areshown in the singular, they may be plural. For example, mobile device100 might include multiple processors or multiple radios, etc. Asillustratively shown, mobile device 100 includes a bus 110 that directlyor indirectly couples various components together including memory 112,a processor 114, a presentation component 116, a radio 117, input/outputports 118, input/output components 120, and a power supply 122.

Memory 112 might take the form of one or more of the aforementionedmedia. Thus, we will not elaborate more here, only to say that memorycomponent 112 can include any type of medium that is capable of storinginformation in a manner readable by a computing device. Processor 114might actually be multiple processors that receive instructions andprocess them accordingly. Presentation component 116 includes the likesof a display, a speaker, as well as other components that can presentinformation (such as a lamp (LED), or even lighted keyboards).

Radio 117 represents a radio that facilitates communication with awireless telecommunications network. Illustrative wirelesstelecommunications technologies include CDMA, GPRS, TDMA, GSM, and thelike. In some embodiments, radio 117 might also facilitate other typesof wireless communications including Wi-Fi communications and GIScommunications.

Input/output port 118 might take on a variety of forms. Illustrativeinput/output ports include a USB jack, stereo jack, infrared port,proprietary communications ports, and the like. Input/output components120 include items such as keyboards, microphones, touch screens, and anyother item usable to directly or indirectly input data into mobiledevice 110. Power supply 122 includes items such as batteries, fuelcells, or any other component that can act as a power source to powermobile device 110.

FIG. 2 shows an example of various components that can operate togetheraccording to an embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 2, a mobile device201 can access a wireless network 211 to communicate with a home datagateway 220. The home data gateway 220 can provide access to contentproviders 241 and 242 via a network 230, such as a wide area network orany other convenient network. The home data gateway can also interactwith an instruction server 202. Instruction server 202 can alsooptionally access network 230 directly, without passing through homedata gateway 220, to access content providers 241 and 242.

FIG. 3 shows an example of components that can be included as part of aninstruction server. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the instructionserver includes a remote cache monitoring component 310. The remotecache monitoring component 310 can track the information stored in thecache of a mobile device. Device tracking component 320 receivesinformation about the location of a mobile device and can determine anexpected path for the device. This could include using a planned GPSroute the device has requested, or it could involve calculating anexpected path and/or velocity based on recent location data.

Activity prediction component 340 uses information regarding currentand/or past usage by mobile devices to predict the likely futureactivity on a device. Activity prediction can be relativelystraightforward, such as predicting that a user will continue accessinga stream of data such as a movie or a radio station. Alternatively,correlations can be developed between types of content to predict auser's future activity based on current and/or past activity. Contentsorting component 380 can be used to sort content that passes through ahome data gateway. Content of interest for activity prediction can beforwarded to activity prediction component 340. Optionally, contentsorting component 380 can be a part of a home data gateway. Contentacquisition component 350 can obtain content from content providers.This content can be provided to mobile devices for storage in cachewhile in a high quality of service area, thus avoiding the need toaccess the network at a later time when quality of service has beenreduced.

Network availability monitoring component 330 collects informationregarding the current network service capabilities, such as datatransfer rates, for mobile devices within a given geographic area. Thisinformation can be used to determine when quality of service will bereduced relative to the maximum capabilities of a network. The networkavailability information can be maintained in any convenient format, andcan be referred to as a network availability table or a networkavailability map. Quality of service prediction component 360 cancompare an expected path developed in device tracking component 320 witha network availability map developed by network availability monitoringcomponent 330. This comparison can allow prediction component 360 todetermine whether a mobile device will encounter a reduced quality ofservice in the near future. Alternatively, quality of service predictioncomponent 360 can also be used to determine when a higher quality ofservice will resume. The near future can be in about 10 seconds or less,or in about 30 seconds or less, or in about 60 seconds or less, or inabout 120 seconds or less, or in about 300 seconds or less. Based onsuch a prediction, quality of service mitigation component 370 canperform actions and provide instructions to mitigate the reduction inquality of service. For example, a mobile device can be instructed tolimit data refresh requests for stored content (as tracked by remotecache monitoring component 310) unless instructed to refresh by theinstruction server. Content corresponding to predicted activity can alsobe acquired in advance by content acquisition component 350 andforwarded to the mobile device for storage.

FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of a portion of a mobile devicemodified according to an embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 4, amobile device can include multiple applications, such as applicationsApp 1, App 2, and App 3 shown at 411, 412, and 413 respectively.Conventionally, applications 411-413 could communicate directly withdata communications layer 450. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4,however, applications 411-413 communicate with communication interfaceapplication 420. Communication interface application 420 receivesrequests from applications 411-413, and decides whether to forward therequests to data communication layer 450. A request can be forwarded tothe data communication layer 450 by a corresponding application specificagent 431-433. If the request is not forwarded, communication interfaceapplication 420 can instead provide the requested content from contentcache 440.

FIG. 5 provides a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment ofthe invention. In FIG. 5, network availability information is received510 from a plurality of devices. The received information can be used toupdate 520 a dynamic network availability map. Location information canalso be received 530 for a mobile device. Based on the locationinformation, an expected path for the mobile device can be determined540. The expected path and the dynamic network availability map can beused to predict 550 a change in quality of service for the mobiledevice. This change in service can then be mitigated 560.

FIG. 6 provides a flow diagram of another method according to anembodiment of the invention. In FIG. 6, a plurality of content items arestored 610 in a content cache. A request is then received 620 to accessa content item that corresponds to one of the plurality of storedcontent items. An instruction request is sent 630 to an instructionserver. An instruction is received 640 to access the stored contentitem. The stored content item is provided 650 in response to thereceived request.

In yet another embodiment, a system is provided for providing content toa mobile device. The system includes a data gateway. The system alsoincludes a content sorting component capable of sorting content andcontent requests that are processed by the data gateway. The systemfurther includes an activity prediction component capable of predictingactivity based at least in part on sorted content. The system alsoincludes a mobile device tracking component. The system further includesa network availability monitoring component. The system also includes aquality of service predictor capable of providing predictions based ondevice tracking information and network availability information. Thesystem also includes a quality of service mitigation component capableof providing instructions to a mobile device based on a quality ofservice prediction and an activity prediction.

In still another embodiment, one or more computer-readable media havingcomputer-executable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed,perform a of method of managing communication between a mobile deviceand a content provider are provided. The method includes receivingnetwork availability information from a plurality of mobile devices. Adynamic network availability map is updated based on the receivednetwork availability information. Location information is received froma mobile device, the mobile device being within a service area of awireless network. An expected path for the mobile device is determinedbased on the received location information. A change in quality ofservice for the mobile device is predicted based on the expected pathand the dynamic network availability map. The change in quality ofservice is then mitigated for the mobile device.

In still another embodiment, a method for improving quality of servicefor a mobile device is provided. The method includes storing a pluralityof content items in a content cache. A request is received to access acontent item corresponding to one of the plurality of stored contentitems. An instruction request is sent to an instruction server. Aninstruction is received to access the stored content item. The storedcontent item is provided in response to the received request.

Many different arrangements of the various components depicted, as wellas components not shown, are possible without departing from the scopeof the claims below. Embodiments of our technology have been describedwith the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Alternativeembodiments will become apparent readers of this disclosure after andbecause of reading it. Alternative means of implementing theaforementioned can be completed without departing from the scope of theclaims below. Certain features and subcombinations are of utility andmay be employed without reference to other features and subcombinationsand are contemplated within the scope of the claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for providing content to a mobiledevice, comprising: a data gateway; a content sorting component capableof sorting content and content requests that are processed by the datagateway; an activity prediction component capable of predicting activitybased at least in part on sorted content; a mobile device trackingcomponent; a network availability monitoring component; a quality ofservice predictor capable of providing predictions based on devicetracking information and network availability information; and a qualityof service mitigation component capable of providing instructions to amobile device based on a quality of service prediction and an activityprediction.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the mobile device trackingcomponent further comprises a cache monitoring component.
 3. The systemof claim 1, further comprising a content acquisition component.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the network availability monitoring componentincludes a dynamically updated network availability map.
 5. One or morecomputer-readable media having computer-executable instructions embodiedthereon that, when executed, perform a of method of managingcommunication between a mobile device and a content provider, the methodcomprising: receiving location information from a mobile device, themobile device being within a service area of a wireless network;determining an expected path for the mobile device based on the receivedlocation information; predicting a change in quality of service for themobile device based on the expected path and a dynamic networkavailability map, wherein the dynamic network availability map isupdated based on network availability information from a plurality ofmobile devices; and mitigating the change in quality of service for themobile device.
 6. The one or more computer readable media of claim 5,wherein an endpoint for the expected path for the mobile device iswithin the service area for the wireless network.
 7. The one or morecomputer readable media of claim 5, wherein the entire expected path forthe mobile device is within the service area for the wireless network.8. The one or more computer readable media of claim 5, whereindetermining an expected path further comprises determining an expectedspeed for traveling the expected path.
 9. The one or more computerreadable media of claim 5, wherein mitigating the change in quality ofservice for the mobile device comprises instructing the mobile device toaccess content in a cache local to the mobile device.
 10. The one ormore computer readable media of claim 9, the method further comprising:receiving information related to content accessed by the mobile device;predicting activity for the mobile device based on the receivedinformation related to accessed content; acquiring one or more contentitems corresponding to the predicted activity from at least one contentprovider; and forwarding the acquired one or more content items to themobile device prior to said mitigating of the change in quality ofservice.
 11. The one or more computer readable media of claim 10,wherein the one or more acquired content items correspond to semi-staticapplication specific data.
 12. The one or more computer readable mediaof claim 9, the method further comprising: receiving information relatedto content accessed by the mobile device; predicting activity for themobile device based on the received information related to accessedcontent; and instructing the mobile device to acquire one or morecontent items corresponding to the predicted activity from at least onecontent provider.
 13. The one or more computer readable media of claim5, wherein mitigating the change in quality of service for the mobiledevice comprises instructing the mobile device to display a warning. 14.The one or more computer readable media of claim 5, wherein predicting achange in quality of service comprises predicting a change in networkavailability for a stationary expected path.
 15. A method for improvingquality of service for a mobile device, comprising: using a firstnetwork, storing a plurality of content items in a content cache;receiving a request to access a content item corresponding to one of theplurality of stored content items; using a second network, sending aninstruction request to an instruction server; using the second network,receiving an instruction to access the content item in the contentcache; and providing the content item in response to the receivedrequest.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the provided stored contentitem has an expiration time such that the instruction request to theinstruction server is sent after the expiration time.
 17. The method ofclaim 15, further comprising: receiving a request to access a contentitem from a content provider; providing the at least one content itemfrom the content provider; receiving a plurality of content items fromthe instruction server, the plurality of content items corresponding tocontent from the content provider, wherein the plurality of contentitems stored in the content cache include the plurality of content itemsfrom the instruction server.
 18. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising: receiving a request to access an additional content itemfrom the content provider; receiving an instruction to delay access ofthe additional content item; detecting a change in quality of service;sending a request for the additional content item to the contentprovider; and providing the additional content item.
 19. The method ofclaim 18, wherein the additional content item is a content item from theplurality of content items from the instruction server, the additionalcontent item having an expiration time, the additional content itembeing provided after the expiration time.
 20. The method of claim 18,wherein the additional content item is not included in the plurality ofcontent items stored in the content cache.